Graphite is a form of carbon, that is silvery black in colour. Graphite is one of the predominant materials used as solid lubricant. The lamellar structure of graphite (the tendency to flake), in the form of dry powder, makes it ideal to decrease friction. Graphite may also work as a liquid based lubricant. The lubrication film gives resistance to damage and also seizure resistance.

Being a dry lubricant, the powdered graphite reacts with water vapour and the molecular bonding does not occur, leaving it dry and slippery. However, it does not bond well with the surface and therefore keeps falling off, increasing the necessity to be applied often. Solid graphite lubricant is tolerant to temps of about 900 degree F. Higher temperatures than this leads to oxidation of graphite.

The liquid graphite lubricant is of different kinds. The graphite grease is designed to stick to the surface, where the grease will prevent the graphite from falling off the work surface. Another mixture of graphite lubricants with liquid base is such that the liquid will evaporate when the combination is painted on the surface, leaving the graphite to work to decrease friction.

As a dry lubricant, graphite might be used in some situations where wet lubricants may cause hazard as in electrical fittings or when lubricating substances such as wood. Moreover, graphite grease can tolerate higher heat than standard grease or any other lubricants.

Graphite may be used as an additive in lubricating oil to raise the thermal tolerance. They are also used as components of polymer based composite anti-friction coatings and form the second phase particles of metal based compound anti-friction coatings. They're used as molds for continual casting and solid lubricant in metal forming.

Graphite is also utilised in continuous casting molds. The molds are fabricated from iso-statically pressed graphite. The low friction among the mold surface and solidifying metal ensures smooth extraction of the casting. The crystal structure of graphite provides low friction without the necessity of additional lubrication.

Graphite is characterised as organic and artificial. Organic graphite is derived from mining. The purified graphite contains carbon, sulfur, SiO2 and Ash. The crystallizing quality of graphite is determined by the higher content of carbon, and better the lubricity and resistance to oxidation. Synthetic graphite is sintered from high temperature and has extremely high carbon content of up to 99.5-99.9%, and is thus extremely good as a lubricant.

While the traditional automotive oils can not withstand the high temperatures, graphite can serve as lubricants in automotive engines which reach temperatures as high as 1,250 degree F. The commercially available graphite lubricant is a colloidal dispersion of billions and billions of microscopic particles of graphite. When this is placed in the crankcase of an engine, it functions with the motor oil to decrease friction. It also penetrates effectively into parts where oil cannot reach, keeps oil from thickening, improves compression and helps energy consumption and fuel economy.

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